Key Components of the ECS
1. Endocannabinoids
These are naturally occurring compounds produced by the body that help maintain internal stability, or homeostasis. The two primary endocannabinoids identified are:
- Anandamide (AEA): Often called the “bliss molecule,” it plays a role in mood regulation, appetite, and memory.
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- 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG): This endocannabinoid is involved in regulating immune function, inflammation, and neuroprotection.
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2. Cannabinoid Receptors
The ECS operates through specialized receptors found throughout the body:
- CB1 Receptors: Primarily found in the brain and central nervous system, these receptors influence cognition, coordination, mood, and pain perception.
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- CB2 Receptors: Located mainly in the immune system and peripheral organs, CB2 receptors play a role in inflammation and immune responses.
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3. Enzymes
Once endocannabinoids have fulfilled their function, enzymes break them down to prevent excess signaling. The two main enzymes involved are:
- Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH): Breaks down anandamide.
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- Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL): Breaks down 2-AG.
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